综合案例设计在“传感器与测试技术”课程教学中的应用

“传感器与测试技术”涉及多学科交叉，是“通专融合、跨界培养”为特征的新工科人才培养中相关专业的重要课程。在非电类专业本科生所学相应基础知识有限的情况下，如何利用有限学时达到最佳教学效果，是本课程面临的一个挑战。本文探讨了教学中对不同类型传感器知识体系的凝练方法，以综合案例的分析对不同学科知识进行交叉应用介绍，希望能够加深学生对理论知识的理解，提高课堂的参与度，锻炼学生综合思考的能力。     

换热网络优化中换热单元生成频次的影响分析及策略改进

换热单元的生成频次对换热网络优化有直接的影响，分析其机理可以指导求解算法的改进。本文采用节点非结构模型及强制进化随机游走算法，通过设置不同的换热单元生成概率与生成个数以改变换热单元的生成频次，观察并记录个体在优化过程中产生的年综合费用变化情况。发现不同生成频次下整型变量和连续变量的相对优化频率发生了变化，从而改变了整体优化过程，并且与个体当前优化状态不适应的生成频次会造成相对优化频率不平衡、优化结果较差。基于此，本文提出了一种具有生成参数动态调节策略的换热单元生成方式，在优化过程中根据个体状态实时调整换热单元的生成概率与生成个数，平衡整型变量与连续变量的相对优化频率。最后，采用15SP、10SP和20SP算例进行验证，换热网络的年综合费用较文献结果分别下降了1.06%、0.16%、0.68%，验证了该策略使得换热单元的生成频次更为合理，有效地提高了算法的优化效率。     

文献计量视角下半导体材料SiC和GaN研究态势

Based on bibliometric, national and international research output within 2000~2018 of the third generation of semiconductor material SiC and GaN was collected. Analysis and studies were made in the region of time distribution, research forces and research hotspots. The general international development tendency and scientific research level in China were also discussed. Meanwhile, study directions clustering and burst key words detecting were used to discover and explain the inner law of evolutionary in this field, especially in the different research focus of various development stages. This paper could also provide a reference on research and arrangement in further studies.     

小型煤矿低浓度瓦斯发电技术及应用效果研究

针对云南富源县辖区内大量小型煤矿抽采的低浓度瓦斯未开展有效利用的问题，以区内某小型煤矿为背景，采用现场调研、分析归纳、理论计算相结合的方法对其低浓度瓦斯发电项目展开分析研究。研究表明，某小型煤矿低浓度瓦斯发电项目成功的关键是“瓦斯治理先行”理念主导下的气源保障综合技术体系。在气源得以保障的基础上，该小型煤矿低浓度瓦斯发电项目已经持续高效运行4年，每年创造经济收益约403.2万元，减排CO2约4.47万t；同时促进了煤矿瓦斯治理工作有效落实，提高了煤矿安全生产水平，保障了煤矿产量的达标。     

涡流空气分级机熵产与分级性能分析

利用热力学第二定律中的熵产理论对涡流空气分级机各不可逆因素引起的熵产进行分析，通过粉料分级试验对其分级性能进行验证，获得了黏性熵产、湍流熵产和壁面熵产分布特点及操作参数对熵产和分级精度的影响规律。熵产分析结果表明，涡流空气分级机内湍流熵产和壁面熵产占总熵产的比例高达56.41%和43.11%，湍流熵产主要产生于转笼叶片间和转笼内部，进风口和细粉出口壁面剪切引起较大壁面熵产；此外，转笼转速和进口风速变化分别仅对转笼区域和切向进风口区域内气流运动熵产影响较大，进口风速-转笼转速处于8.6m/s、 800r/min和18m/s、1200r/min操作工况附近时，涡流空气分级机内总熵产/总能变化率较小，分级流场稳定性较高，对粗、细颗粒分离有利，该工况下分级机的粉料分级试验效果较好，说明熵产理论可用于涡流分级机内流动分析及其操作参数的优化匹配。     

Costs Impact of a Transition to Hydrogen-fueled Vehicles on the Spanish Power Sector

It is expected that demand response might provide soon ancillary services to the power system. This could be done, for example, by managing the use of Electric Vehicles (EV) batteries, or the production of flexible energy commodities such as hydrogen (H₂), that can be used for fuel cell vehicles (H2EV) or in industrial processes. This paper analyses the impact of a transition to H2EV as an alternative to EV for passengers’ cars on a Spanish-like power sector. A simple H₂ demand estimation is developed and provided to CEVESA, an operation and expansion model for the Iberian Power System Electricity Market (MIBEL). For this study, CEVESA was extended to include the investments and operation decisions of H₂ production. Simulations were performed to determine the optimal evolution of the H₂ production capacity and of the electricity generation mix, considering scenarios with different shares of EV and H2EV. The impact of H2EV vs EV mobility is assessed based on the recent Spanish National Plan for Energy and Climate (NECP) as the base case scenario. Results show that, even if H2EV mobility alternative is still more costly than EV, H₂ production could provide a significant flexibility to the system that should also be appraised. Indeed, H2EV mobility could become a feasible and complementary alternative to decarbonize mobility by powering H₂ production with the renewable generation surplus. This, together with the on-going learning process of this technology that will decrease its production costs and increase its efficiency in the coming years, could boost, even more, the development of the H₂ economy.     

Carbon vacancies improved photocatalytic hydrogen generation of g-C3N4 photocatalyst via magnesium vapor etching

Vacancies engineering was widely reported as the promising strategy for the improvement of the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor photocatalysts. In current work, carbon vacancies are constructed successfully in graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) photocatalyst via magnesium vapor etching. Experimental results show that the formed carbon vacancies in g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst can significantly improve the photocatalytic H₂ generation performance. XRD, FTIR, SEM/TEM, XPS and PL characterization data are employed to evidence the construction of carbon vacancies, which are revealed to be the reason for the enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution. This work develops an alternative route to construct carbon vacancies in g-C₃N₄ materials and gives an insight into the influence of vacancies on the photocatalytic performance of photocatalysts.     

Ag(0) nanocatalyst stabilized with networks of p(SPA-co-AMPS) for the hydrogen generation process from ethylenediamine bisborane hydrolysis

In this study, the hydrogen generation from the catalytic hydrolysis of the ethylenediamine bisborane (EDAB) was performed. For this purpose, the p(sulfopropyl acrylate potassium salt-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropansulfonic acid sodium salt)@Ag(0) (p(SPA-co-AMPS)@Ag) catalyst was prepared. Later the p(SPA-co-AMPS)@Ag containing Ag(0) particles with nanodimensions was used as catalyst in EDAB hydrolysis. Our study is the first in the literature from this aspect, and investigated in detail the effect of catalyst amount, reactive concentration, temperature and dry or swollen nature of the catalyst on the EDAB hydrolysis. At the end of the reaction series, the hydrolysis reaction of EDAB with p(SPA-co-AMPS)@Ag catalyst was determined to have activation energy (E_a) of 43.24 kJmol^-1. Additionally, the turn over frequency (TOF) was 0.560 mol H₂(mol Ag(0).min)⁻¹ at 30 °C. The p(SPA-co-AMPS)@Ag catalyst had perfect reusability with 95% of initial activity after the 5th use for the hydrogen generation from EDAB.     

Aluminum composites with bismuth nanoparticles and graphene oxide and their application to hydrogen generation in water

The bismuth nanoparticles modified graphene oxide composites (Bi-NPs@GO) and bismuth nanoparticles (Bi-NPs) were prepared by a hydrothermal method. The activated aluminum/bismuth nanoparticles Bi-NPs@GO/Al and Bi-NPs/Al were prepared. Their hydrolysis reaction performance were studied. The experimental results show that the composite of aluminum and Bi-NPs@GO can react rapidly with water. The 4-h milled Bi-NPs@GO/Al composite shows better hydrogen generation performance and reacted with tap water even at 0 °C. The Bi-NPs@GO/Al composite exhibits high hydrogen generation rate at room temperature. The enhancement of aluminum hydrolysis in the composite may be due to that the addition of nano-scale Bi and graphene oxide.     

Achieving renewable energies utilization target in South-East Asia: Progress,challenges, and recommendations

The South-East Asian countries together have a target to increase the component of renewable energy in their primary energy supply to 23 % by 2025. However, there is a different starting point for the individual country members based on their natural conditions and specific political and regulatory frameworks. The Association of South-East Asia Nations (ASEAN), as the regional-cooperation organization, does not have the authority to intervene in the countries’ national policy for renewable energy. It can only provide inputs to develop renewable energy. However, that can also be challenging because it does not have a portal to access each member’s development of renewable energy utilization. This study aims to observe each ASEAN member’s progress by analyzing historical data. This study also reviews some academic papers to summarize the challenges and obstacles faced by each country. The result suggests that regionally, ASEAN members still rely highly on fossil fuels, especially the total primary supply. Moreover, the share of traditional biomass is also very high. Although, data shows that its use has started to reduce as countries gradually shift to other energy options, unfortunately, mostly to fossil fuel. However, power generation has developed in a positive direction. Historical data shows an increase in renewable energy use for power generation, mainly due to the higher utilization of hydropower. Furthermore, it is strongly recommended for ASEAN to build a monitoring portal of renewable energy to track the progress, so it can provide more precise policy recommendations to its members and establish better energy cooperation between each member in the future.